Schedule 4 | Matters to be treated as supply of goods or services
From legislation.gov.uk
(1)Any transfer of the whole property in goods is a supply of goods; but, subject to sub-paragraph (2) below, the transfer—
(a)of any undivided share of the property, or
(b)of the possession of goods,
is a supply of services.
(2)If the possession of goods is transferred—
(a)under an agreement for the sale of the goods, or
(b)under agreements which expressly contemplate that the property also will pass at some time in the future (determined by, or ascertainable from, the agreements but in any case not later than when the goods are fully paid for),
it is then in either case a supply of the goods.
(2)RepealedF1
(3)The supply of any form of power, heat, refrigeration or other cooling, or ventilation is a supply of goods.F2
(4)The grant, assignment or surrender of a major interest in land is a supply of goods.
(1)Subject to sub-paragraph (2) below, where goods forming part of the assets of a business are transferred or disposed of by or under the directions of the person carrying on the business so as no longer to form part of those assets, whether or not for a consideration, that is a supply by him of goods.
(2)Sub-paragraph (1) above does not apply where the transfer or disposal is—
(a)a business gift the cost of which, together with the cost of any other business gifts made to the same person in the same year, was not more than £50.F3
(b)the provision to a person, otherwise than for a consideration, of a sample of goods.F4
(c)a qualifying charitable donation.F5
(2ZA)In sub-paragraph (2) above—F6F7
“business gift” means a gift of goods that is made in the course or furtherance of the business in question;
“cost”, in relation to a gift of goods, means the cost to the donor of acquiring or, as the case may be, producing the goods;
“qualifying charitable donation” has the meaning given in paragraph 5A;
“the same year”, in relation to a gift, means any period of twelve months that includes the day on which the gift is made.
(2A)For the purposes of determining the cost to the donor of acquiring or producing goods of which he has made a gift, where—F8
(a)the acquisition by the donor of the goods, or anything comprised in the goods, was by means of a transfer of a business, or a part of a business, as a going concern,F8
(b)the assets transferred by that transfer included those goods or that thing, andF8
(c)the transfer of those assets is one falling by virtue of an order under section 5(3) (or under an enactment re-enacted in section 5(3)) to be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services,F8
the donor and his predecessor or, as the case may be, all of his predecessors shall be treated as if they were the same person.
(3)RepealedF9
(4)Where by or under the directions of a person carrying on a business goods held or used for the purposes of the business are put to any private use or are used, or made available to any person for use, for any purpose other than a purpose of the business, whether or not for a consideration, that is a supply of services.
(4A)RepealedF10
(4A)Sub-paragraph (4) does not apply (despite paragraph 9(1)) to—F11
(a)any interest in land,F11
(b)any building or part of a building,F11
(c)any civil engineering work or part of such a work,F11
(d)any goods incorporated or to be incorporated in a building or civil engineering work (whether by being installed as fixtures or fittings or otherwise),F11
(e)any ship, boat or other vessel, orF11
(f)any aircraft.F11
(5)Neither sub-paragraph (1) nor sub-paragraph (4) above shall require anything which a person carrying on a business does otherwise than for a consideration in relation to any goods to be treated as a supply except in a case where that person or any of his predecessors is a person who (disregarding this paragraph) has or will become entitled—F12F13
(a)under sections 25 and 26, to credit for the whole or any part of the VAT on the supply... or importation of those goods or of anything comprised in them; orF14F15
(b)under a scheme embodied in regulations made under section 39, to a repayment of VAT on the supply or importation of those goods or of anything comprised in them.F14
(5A)In relation to any goods or anything comprised in any goods, a person is the predecessor of another for the purposes of this paragraph if—F16
(a)that other person is a person to whom he has transferred assets of his business by a transfer of that business, or a part of it, as a going concern;F16
(b)those assets consisted of or included those goods or that thing; andF16
(c)the transfer of the assets is one falling by virtue of an order under section 5(3) (or under an enactment re-enacted in section 5(3)) to be treated as neither a supply of goods nor a supply of services;F16
and references in this paragraph to a person’s predecessors include references to the predecessors of his predecessors through any number of transfers.
(6)Anything which is a supply of goods or services by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) or (4) above is to be treated as made in the course or furtherance of the business (if it would not otherwise be so treated); and in the case of a business carried on by an individual—
(a)sub-paragraph (1) above applies to any transfer or disposition of goods in favour of himself personally; and
(b)sub-paragraph (4) above applies to goods used, or made available for use, by himself personally.F12
(7)The Treasury may by order substitute for the sum for the time being specified in sub-paragraph (2)(a) above such sum, not being less than £10, as they think fit.F17
(1)In paragraph 5 “qualifying charitable donation” means (subject to sub-paragraphs (6) and (7)) a donation of an item to a charity where—F18
(a)the item’s value does not exceed the applicable limit, andF18
(b)the donation is made—F18
(i)for use by the charity otherwise than in the course or furtherance of a business, orF18
(ii)for onward donation by the charity (whether or not to another charity).F18
(2)In sub-paragraph (1)(a) “the applicable limit” means—F18
(a)£200 where the item donated is any of the following—F18
(i)a household appliance;F18
(ii)furniture;F18
(iii)flooring (including carpets and rugs);F18
(iv)a computer;F18
(v)a mobile phone;F18
(vi)a tablet;F18
(b)£100 in any other case.F18
(3)For the purposes of sub-paragraph (1)(a) an item’s value is taken to be the lower of—F18
(a)the cost to the donor of acquiring or, as the case may be, producing the item, andF18
(b)such consideration in money as would be payable by the donor if the donor were, at the time of the donation, to purchase—F18
(i)an item identical in every respect (including age and condition) to the item concerned, orF18
(ii)where such consideration cannot be determined on the basis described in sub-paragraph (i), an item similar to and of the same age and condition as the item concerned;F18
but where the amount described in paragraph (a) is not known, the item’s value is taken to be the amount described in paragraph (b).
(4)Paragraph 5(2A) and (5A) (goods acquired by predecessor businesses) applies for the purposes of sub-paragraph (3).F18
(5)For the purposes of sub-paragraph (3) the amount of consideration in money that would be payable by the donor if they were to purchase any goods is taken to be the amount that would be so payable by the donor after the deduction of any amount included in the purchase price in respect of VAT on the supply of the goods to the donor.F18
(6)A donation is not a qualifying charitable donation if the item donated is any of the following—F18
(a)a tobacco product within the meaning of the Tobacco Products Duty Act 1979;F18
(b)a vaping product within the meaning of Part 4 of the Finance Act 2026;F18
(c)an alcohol product within the meaning of Part 2 of the Finance (No.2) Act 2023, other than one belonging to a class or description on which alcohol duty is not charged under that Part of that Act.F18
(7)A donation is not a qualifying charitable donation if (disregarding this paragraph) it is a zero-rated supply.F18
(8)The Treasury may by order amend this paragraph for the purpose of varying the definition of “the applicable limit” in sub-paragraph (2).F18
(6)RepealedF19
(7)Where in the case of a business carried on by a taxable person goods forming part of the assets of the business are, under any power exercisable by another person, sold by the other in or towards satisfaction of a debt owed by the taxable person, they shall be deemed to be supplied by the taxable person in the course or furtherance of his business.
(1)Where a person ceases to be a taxable person, any goods then forming part of the assets of a business carried on by him shall be deemed to be supplied by him in the course or furtherance of his business immediately before he ceases to be a taxable person, unless—
(a)the business is transferred as a going concern to another taxable person; or
(b)the business is carried on by another person who, under regulations made under section 46(4), is treated as a taxable person; or
(c)the VAT on the deemed supply would not be more than £1,000.F20
(2)This paragraph does not apply to any goods in the case of which the taxable person can show to the satisfaction of the Commissioners—
(a)that no credit for input tax has been allowed to him in respect of the supply of the goods or their importation into the United Kingdom;F21
(b)that the goods did not become his as part of the assets of a business , or part of a business, which was transferred to him as a going concern by another taxable person; andF22
(c)that he has not obtained relief in respect of the goods under section 4 of the Finance Act 1973.
(3)This paragraph does not apply where a person ceases to be a taxable person in consequence of having been certified under section 54.
(4)The Treasury may by order increase or further increase the sum specified in sub-paragraph (1)(c) above.
(1)Subject to sub-paragraphs (2) and (3) below, paragraphs 5 to 8 above have effect in relation to land forming part of the assets of, or held or used for the purposes of, a business as if it were goods forming part of the assets of, or held or used for the purposes of, a business.
(2)In the application of those paragraphs by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) above, references to transfer, disposition or sale shall have effect as references to the grant or assignment of any interest in, right over or licence to occupy the land concerned.
(3)Except in relation to—
(a)the grant or assignment of a major interest; or
(b)a grant or assignment otherwise than for a consideration,
in the application of paragraph 5(1) above by virtue of sub-paragraph (1) above the reference to a supply of goods shall have effect as a reference to a supply of services.
(4)In this paragraph “grant” includes surrender.F23