FHDDS51450 | Penalties, sanctions and offences: penalties – policy: Trading without approval - before calculating the penalty
From HM Revenue & Customs · VAT Fulfilment House Due Diligence Scheme
You need to have established:
the underlying behaviour that gave rise to the failure, for example deliberate and concealed
whether the disclosure was unprompted or prompted, see FHDDS51525
the quality of disclosure, see FHDDS51540.
For detailed guidance on how to calculate the penalty please see FHDDS51600.